๐Ÿ“– Revision notes

Separation Techniques โ€” Interactive Lab

A virtual separation-techniques bench for Lower Secondary Science (Chapter 4 ยท Exploring Diversity of Matter Using Separation Techniques). Drag, tilt and click the apparatus like the real thing โ€” then check the notes to see the science behind each step.

Bar magnet separating iron filings from a mixture
Magnetic + non-magnetic

Magnetic attraction

Sweep a bar magnet over an iron-and-sulfur mixture and pull the iron out.

Filtration setup: funnel with filter paper over a conical flask
Solid + liquid

Filtration

Fold the paper, load the funnel, tilt the beaker and collect the filtrate.

Simple distillation setup: flask, condenser and receiver
Solution

Simple Distillation

Boiling chips, counter-current cooling, pure water from salt water.

Paper chromatography: a strip in a beaker of solvent, its dye spots separated into a coloured column
Dyes & inks

Paper Chromatography

Two strips, two run times โ€” and the same Rf every time.

Salt water โ†’ pure water

Reverse osmosis

Squeeze seawater against a partially permeable membrane โ€” the reverse-osmosis step used in desalination and NEWater.

An evaporating dish of blue solution heated on a tripod over a Bunsen flame, steam rising
Dissolved solid

Evaporation

Stand the dish on the gauze, pour in the solution and boil off the water to leave the solid behind.

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Test yourself

Question Bank

Eleven multiple-choice questions covering every Chapter 4 technique. Choose an answer, confirm, and see it marked instantly.

Open โ†’